Structuralism- Levi Strauss
Structuralism was developed by Levi Strauss, and is an approach used to analyse culture. The basic idea behind structuralism is that individual and collective behaviours emerge from some underlying structure. With Saussure and the linguists, the structure is an abstract system of interrelated concepts. An example of structuralism is describing an apple. An apple is crisp, sweet, juicy, round, and hard. Another example of structuralism is describing your experience at the ocean by saying it`s windy, salty, and cold. Levi Strauss's theory is `binary opposites` which entails that the majority of narratives in media forms such as books and film contain opposing main characters. These binary opposites help to thicken the plot and further the narrative; and introduce contrast. Structuralism is important because it is the first major school of thought in psychology. It helps in the approval of psychology as separate science. Structuralism has also influenced experimental psychology. It provides base for the study of mind under it`s elements.
Gender Performativity- Butler
Butler argues that gender is best perceived as preformative, which suggests that it has a social audience. It also suggests that performances of woman are compelled and enforced by historical social practice. And also believes that being born male or female does not determine behaviour, but people learn to behave in particular ways to fit in to society.
I personally believe in what she argues and that this is true as in society the male and female roles are usually shaped by society to act a certain way. Especially many years ago were women didn't work and would stay at home and be a house wife while the man would go off to work, this was seen as normal because society was saying that it was right and this is what women should do/ act like. Even terms used today such as, "That`s not very lady like" which just highlights how women in society should have a way of acting and should almost be more politer and act more maturer then men. Which links to what Butler says that this is "what we commonly associate with femininity and masculinity," and how we view what women and men should act like. It also portrays this in movies, and especially Disney movies were the prince would save the princess which shows how women are almost seen as weak in society and that we need to be saved/ rescued by a man, which links to how people associate females as being feminine and males to be masculine who are not afraid of anything.